This article takes a detailed look into the concept of nature in design as well as the key principles underlying biophilic designs, providing guidance for artists and designers who wish to incorporate this approach into their interior projects. By drawing on the expertise of seasoned interior designers who have successfully embraced biophilia, you will be well-equipped to create spaces that seamlessly connect with the natural world.
The Rise Of Biophilia
Biophilia is our biological human instinct to be naturally drawn to and connect with nature. If you have ever been captivated by a sea view, a roaring fire, or inspired by a beautiful garden scene, you will easily relate. Biophilia may also explain why spending time with our pets or enjoying a simple stroll in the park can have instant and impactful healing powers for us.
Although our understanding of the connections between nature, science, and the built environment has deepened in recent years - along with the recognised benefits of incorporating biophilia into design—this concept is far from new. In fact, nature themes can be found in some of the earliest human structures created.
From the Great Sphinx of Giza and the hanging gardens of Babylon to the traditional art of bonsai in Japanese homes. Even prehistoric structures like Stonehenge were likely inspired by circular shapes such as the sun and moon, providing a subtle nod to the cyclical nature of prehistoric life. The passing of the seasons and the godlike appearance of the sun and moon every day and night were thought to be central to the religious beliefs of the people of that time.
The technical advancements brought by the industrial revolution in 19th century Britain which led to large-scale urbanisation, saw city populations grow rapidly. In turn, implementing improved health, safety and sanitary measures became a priority for local governments. By the end of the 19th century a surge in the opening of urban parks took place in a bid to improve the health of residents and reduce the stress of city living.
Artists and designers of the Victorian era became inspired by this nature shift which reflected in their work. The distinguishing ornamental characteristics of Art Nouveau designs of the late 19th century are a notable example, where delicate and graceful natural objects took centre stage in designs. Even our leisure preferences developed further in the 20th century with trips to the seaside and walks in the country becoming the norm.
According to Britannica, the actual term biophilia was devised by German-born American psychoanalyst Erich Fromm in The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973) and was later popularised by American biologist Edward Wilson in his book Biophilia (1984). Wilson proposed that humans' tendency to focus on and connect with nature and other life-forms has a genetic basis.
What Is Biophilic Design And Why Is Its Popularity Soaring?
As we have established, biophilia describes our intrinsic human connection to the natural world. It suggests that many of us have a deep attraction to nature, which is rooted in our biology and genetic make-up. Derived from the Greek words for ‘life’ and ‘love or affection’ means the literal meaning of biophilia is ‘love of life.’ Biophilic design, therefore, refers to the integration of this innate connection into design thinking and processes. Essentially, biophilic designs aim to bring natural elements found in the outside world into our living, working and community spaces.
The development of the green building movement in the early 1990s to address the impact of climate change, was a real turning point for biophilic design inclusion. Alongside the movement, came an emerging link between improved environmental quality and gains in productivity in the workplace. Since then, the translation of biophilia as a theory into building and interior designs has proven key in fostering improved health and well-being too. The 2008 groundbreaking book Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life (Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, Marting Mador) is testament to this. The book not only explains how natural elements can transform our environments into spaces that connect us with nature, but it also emphasises the importance of creating buildings and interiors that not only look inspired by nature but also function in harmony with it, offering a roadmap for a future where people and the planet thrive together.
Most recently, biophilic design is being championed as a complementary strategy for addressing workplace stress, student performance, patient recovery, community cohesiveness and other familiar challenges to health and overall well-being. Plus, with the world continuing to urbanise, the ongoing stresses of modern living, and the digital native Generation Alpha spending more time inside on their screens than ever before, the trend for biophilia in interior design projects has never been so in demand.
Ian Chapman, Director at multi-award-winning design studio, The Vawdrey House, tell us:
““The power of Biophilic design is becoming increasingly recognised. Whether for our commercial or domestic projects we are seeing a greater appreciation among our clients and building users for a stronger connection with nature and a greater recognition of the advantages this brings for enhanced emotional wellbeing. This means naturally ventilated spaces with lots of fresh air. Glazing needs to be carefully considered, not only to give fabulous views out, but also to give high levels of internal daylight that works with the artificial lighting scheme to support our circadian rhythms. We make space for nature and biodiversity with green roofs and wildflower gardens and celebrate these aspects by bringing them into the building with internal courtyards, glazing that opens directly onto planting or internal planting schemes. The old adage of bringing the outside in has never been more important.”
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Image source: The Vawdrey House
“"Incorporating biophilic design into interiors doesn't mean you need to rely on fresh flowers or plants. Quality, artificial, dried, and preserved foliage can achieve the same natural look, feel and connection with nature, but with added benefits. These alternatives provide longevity, require minimal maintenance, and are very accessible, allowing interior designers to create lush, green spaces that are sustainable and versatile. By using faux elements, designers can ensure that the beauty of nature is always present, without the limitations of seasonality or upkeep."
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Biophilic Design Principles
Every design project will have unique aims and objectives assigned to create a specific design experience for the end user. Biophilic design experiences tend to be grouped into three distinct categories: Nature in space, natural analogues, and nature of the space. Let’s take a look at each of these categories in greater depth with some examples of each:
Nature In The Space
This category addresses the direct presence of nature in the space or place in question. This may be in the form of plants (either live or faux), animals, water, breeze, scents, light, shadows, and other natural elements.
For instance, a large atrium in an office building filled with beautiful faux flowers or plants, is a fitting example. Similarly, we have all admired those mature trees planted inside shopping centres or large public buildings, often placed in large planters or open soil beds, to provide a natural focal point, as well as instant calm, within a bustling space. “Green walls” or nature-inspired wall art bring an instant and easy addition to hotel reception areas, restaurants, offices, and homes alike, like these amazing, preserved moss art and faux succulent wall examples below:
Image credit: Faux succulent wall at The Shed, cocktail bar, and eatery, in Falmouth
Poppy Younger, Senior Architectural Interior Designer at architectural interior design studio, SGS Design, adds:
““There is definitely an increase of internal tree space within the home, whether it be a small internal planting area or a single-use large tree popping through the roof structure. The trend for external materials being used internally and the physical use of timber with heavy wood grain is also on the up. There are also many forms of organic shaped furniture pieces arriving on the market in natural timber finishes.”
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““At Square Mile Farms, we harness hydroponic vertical farming technology to cultivate edible produce while creating an immersive experience that invites community participation in both the growing and harvesting processes. Our systems are not only visually striking due to their design-led approach, but they also offer a tangible way for people to connect with nature and actively engage with the plants.
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Every one of our projects is rooted in biophilic design principles, as our focus is solely on urban farming. A standout example is the stunning Farmwall we built for Savills Investment Management during their office renovation. The architects envisioned a statement biophilic feature that would enhance a collaborative communal space, and our Farmwall delivered just that. The team enjoys fresh, zero-mile produce like kale, basil, and lettuce every two weeks, often participating in the harvest alongside one of our Urban Farmers. They also receive an impact report detailing the metrics and sustainability benefits generated by their produce. It’s a far superior alternative to traditional indoor greening!”
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Images: Supplied by Square Mile Farms of their Farmwall project for Savills Investment Management.
The creation of natural shadows via skylights or windows designed to cast interesting natural shadows inside a room as the sun moves throughout the day, is another angle to consider. These shadows may interact with indoor plants, creating dynamic patterns and a powerful sense of connection to the outdoors.
Don't just limit yourself to visual appeal either, tapping into other senses like scents and sounds is a great way to incorporate nature into a space. The sound and sight of water can bring a refreshing sense of tranquillity, so consider a small reflection pool or water feature in your design plans. Likewise, using aromatic, natural plants like lavender or jasmine would be a perfect addition to the corner of your home that you retire too after a long day at work.
Natural Analogues
Natural analogues refer to the use of designs that mimic or suggest nature. This is typically achieved through using shapes, patterns, and materials that resemble natural elements but are not actually alive.
This could be as simple as incorporating exposed wooden beams and stone accents to bring a sense of warmth and earthiness to a space. Or a simple chair designed with smooth, curved lines that resemble the shape of a leaf or a flowing river – a functional design but aesthetically connected to nature too.
For a more complex design, a building facade may be designed with undulating patterns that mimic the flow of water or the texture of tree bark. These organic shapes would give the structure a natural, flowing appearance, even though it is made from modern materials like glass or steel. Often, a building’s entire architecture can be inspired by the structure of natural elements, such as the honeycomb pattern of a beehive or the spiral of a seashell.
Inside the home, hardwood or tile flooring may boast designs with patterns that resemble the grains of wood, the veins of leaves, or the ripples of water. Light fixtures may resemble clusters of leaves, branches, or flowers, and using warm lighting can further enhance the natural ambiance. Even choosing a colour palette inspired by nature can work wonders, such as earthy browns, forest greens and ocean blues – this approach is often taken in spaces like hospitals and offices too where a calming, grounded atmosphere is demanded.
From nature-inspired textiles and patterns like leaves, flowers, or waves, featured on curtains, cushions or rugs, to ornamental wood carvings such as banisters, wall panels, or furniture, carved with intricate patterns that resemble leaves or floral motifs. An interior can be seamlessly transformed into a natural haven.
Wall art featuring abstract representations of natural elements, such as preserved moss woven with tree branches or flowers, can be both decorative and symbolic, fostering an instant connection with nature. The use of preserved moss for moss walls is becoming increasingly popular too due to its ease of maintenance, longevity, and the accessibility of high-quality preserved products from reputable wholesalers.
Nature Of The Space
This category refers to the incorporation of spatial elements commonly found in nature such as expansive views, places of sensory refuge, and a mild sense of risk or exploration. This includes our desire to be able to see beyond our immediate surroundings and our fascination with the unknown.
Showcasing unobstructed views of the surrounding landscape whether it be a city skyline, mountain range, or sea view, with floor-to-ceiling windows not only retains the sense of vastness, but it also mimics the experience of being in an open natural environment.
Maximising natural light is a key biophilic design element for projects of this nature. An abundance of natural light, whether through an open floor plan, abundant windows, skylights, and light wells not only helps us immerse and connect with what is on the outside and create the illusion of a bigger, lighter, more natural area, but also boosts our health too. Exposure to natural light has been found to boost productivity, increase vitamin D absorption, and ward off seasonal depression. It is a natural healer in itself!
When we refer to places of sensory refuge, this could take the form of a quiet reading nook in your home, designed with soft lighting, comfy seating, and acoustic materials that reduce noise. Similarly, it may be a quiet area within a bar or restaurant where you can seek privacy with a loved one or a quiet corner to natter with friends away from the hustle and bustle of other diners. Poppy Younger, at SGS Design, shares the details of a recent project where sensory refuge was executed with enormous success:
“We recently completed a project for a commercial bar located on the renowned, historic site of The Pantiles, in Royal Tunbridge Wells. The bar features a beautifully designed dark, cosy banquette seating area, enhanced by the subtle presence of an olive tree positioned behind the seating. Initially, the tree blends seamlessly into the space, but we’ve added a unique touch by incorporating hanging pendant lights into its branches. These pendants are strategically placed above the seating area, casting a warm, inviting glow that evokes the ambiance of a night sky. This biophilic design element not only illuminates the area but also adds a sense of enchantment, making the space feel intimate and magical.”
Creating a slight sense of mystery, risk, or exploration in design projects adds another dimension, such as stepping stones over a shallow pond or a series of winding paths within a garden bordered by tall hedges of dense foliage. The paths offer a sense of refuge and discovery, mimicking the feeling of exploring a hidden trail in wood or searching for a secret garden.
How Can Atlas Flowers Help With Your Biophilic Designs?
At Atlas Flowers, we specialise in providing interior designers and creative professionals with high-quality, sustainably sourced mosses, preserved foliage, dried, and preserved flowers, artificial flowers, foliage, and other sought-after floral products to help you enhance your designs. Our extensive range of products is ideal for crafting biophilic designs that bring the beauty and tranquillity of nature into both commercial and domestic spaces. Whether you’re looking to enhance an office environment, create a serene residential atmosphere, or add a natural touch to a hospitality setting, our products offer endless possibilities for incorporating natural elements that inspire and rejuvenate. With our expertise and premium offerings, Atlas Flowers is your trusted partner in bringing any biophilic vision to life.
If you are looking for the perfect products for your biophilic designs, the team at Atlas Flowers would be delighted to help - 0330 912 8630 or info@atlasflowers.com.
